Cyber Bullying Must Be Improved And Consistent - 1267 Words

Amanda Bridges Ms. Shultz / Mrs. Seymore English 5th Period 28 January 2015 Cyber Bullying Have you ever been cyber bullied? The effects of cyberbullying are greater than many people have come to realize. Cyber bullies have been around for a long time, but technology now gives them a whole new way to get to their victims easier and faster. Cyberbullying is the use of information technology to repeatedly harm or harass other people in a deliberate manner (abouthealth). Cyberbullying happens when kids bully each other through electronic technology. The consequences of cyberbullying must be improved and consistent. One important reason the consequences of cyber bullying must be consistent is that many victims suffer from†¦show more content†¦Any bullying is wrong and hurtful, but cyber bullying is the worst bullying of all (abouthealth). If the consequences for cyber bullying were consistent and more harsh cyber bullying wouldn t be as common as it is today. If people would really see what cyber bullying does to people they might think twice about doing it to somebody or they might not even do it at all. 19.6% of kids reported being cyber bullied once or twice a month 5.3% reported being cyber bullied once or twice a week and 3.1% reported being cyber bullied almost everyday. Do not forget the 71.9% reported being cyber bullied once or twice in the school year (Issues Related to Bullying). Cyber bullies don t think about how many kids they affect when cyber bullying. It can start out as an innocent joke and then other people can join in on the cyber bullying Cyber bullying may cause psychological distress, which is a range of symptoms and experiences of a person s internal life that are commonly held to be troubling, confusing or out of the ordinary. Bullying and cyberbullying are similar, there are not many differences between the two of them. Even though the two are very similar the consequences are much different. Cyber bullies bully people but their behind the screen of their computer or technology, they are not face to face with their victims, bullies are face to face with their victims. Cyber bullying can happen

The Experiences of Montag - 1230 Words

In the beginning of this part, the writer presents the scene where Beatty prepares for putting Montags house on fire. Before igniting the fire, Beatty tells Montag that all of what is about to happen, is a result of a wrong decision Montag made, which is the decision of reading and collecting books. Then, Mildred runs out of the door with a suitcase, and takes a taxi that was waiting for her at the curb. So, Montag suspects Mildred to be the one who sounded the alarm for the firemen to come. After that, Faber asks Montag about what is happening at the moment, through the earpiece that he gave to Montag before. Montag tells him, This is happening to me(Bradbury 115). When Faber comprehends the situation, he advises Montag to run away from the whole scene. At this moment, Beatty starts speaking to Montag about the beauty of fire. Beatty claims that the real beauty of fire lies in its perpetual motion, which was the thing that man wanted to invent but never did. He also thinks that fire is the solution to problems and burdens. that since Montag is a problem and a burden, then fire is the solution that will lift Montag off his shoulders. As a tool of mental torture for Montag, Beatty insists that Montag burns his own house, with his own hands, using a flame thrower. Through Montags earpiece, Faber repeats himself, and tells Montag that he should run away. Montag responds to Faber aloud and tells him that he cant possibly run, since he is surrounded by the Hound.Show MoreRelatedIgnorance in Fahrenheit 451 Essay1302 Words   |  6 PagesFahrenheit 451, the character of Montag is a great example. He is once an ideal, ignorant citizen, but it all chang es once he meets Clarisse, who unlocks a vault full of knowledge to him. Moreover, the crave for knowledge grows and Montag meets Faber who helps reveal the meaning of knowledge, allowing Montag to get rid of his ignorance. At last, the conversation with Beatty destroys Montag’s ignorance completely and allows him to be his own governor. Through Montag’s experience with Clarisse, Faber and BeattyRead MoreAnalysis Of Ray Bradburys Fahrenheit 4511113 Words   |  5 Pagessuffering, known struggle, known loss, and have found their way out of those depths.† The text’s collection focus on Ray Bradbury’s science fiction, Fahrenheit 451 discusses about the growth and struggles of Guy Montag’s beliefs against his society. Montag is a fireman and his job is to restrain people from learning by burning books. He meets special people and realizes the stimulation and manipulations of his society. He realizes that by struggling and suffering, there is wis dom rewarded at the endRead MoreFahrenheit 451 By Ray Bradbury1380 Words   |  6 Pagescorrupted society. The protagonist, Guy Montag, burns books to restrict knowledge in society, but he does not know this. 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Guy Montag’s characterRead MoreFahrenheit 451 Character Analysis981 Words   |  4 Pages In Fahrenheit 451, Ray Bradbury introduces Montag as a fireman who enjoys burning books. Bradbury started off with†It was a pleasure to burn† showing what Montag thinks about burning books. Montag liked the way when â€Å"books went up in sparkling whirls and blew away on a wind turned dark with burning†(Bradbury, 2). He like to see thing blackened and changed like a destruction. Montag started to change throughout many challenges that he had to face and he also started to get a different view on fireRead MoreFahrenheit 451 By Ray Bradbury1544 Words   |  7 PagesGuy Montag s profession is to burn books, but he does not know that the government requires him to do this in order for them to restrict knowledge. Clarisse, Montag s neighbor, lives in a home where socializing and thinking are essential. On the contrary, these elements are highly unusual in society. Montag has always been curious, but Clarisse sets Montag on a journey that involves being rebellious, curious, and persistent by asking him a strange question. These characteristics set Montag apartRead MoreIn the start of Fahrenheit 451, Montag’s thoughts are that fire is good for society. He burns books700 Words   |  3 Pagesburn† (1). Montag never thought much of his job, to him, it was merely his duty. Meeting Clarisse starts Montags revision of life. Her interest and questioning is so unique that Montag is intrigued by her. He had never met someone who asks why instead of how. Soon, Clarisse disappears, and is then presumably dead for the rest of the book. Shortly after his disappearance, Montag to begin smuggling books during work, hoping to learn more by himself. From the old woman’s house, Montag steals a bookRead MoreFahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury719 Words   |  3 PagesThe flash point of paper, or the temperature at which paper will burst in flames, is 451 degrees Fahrenheit. In Fahrenheit 451, written by Ray Bradbury, the main character, Guy Montag, is a â€Å"fireman† in a futuristic society where he and his coworkers start fires, rather than put them out. Books are banned and burned, along with the owner of the book’s house and sometimes even the owner of the book, upon discovery. Technology has taken over in a sense that social interaction between the average personRead MoreFire And Water : Facing Your Fears And Crossing Your Boundaries1427 Words   |  6 PagesEnglish 10 3 March 2014 Fire and water: Facing your Fears and Crossing your Boundaries â€Å"You gain strength confidence and courage by every experience in which you stop and really take the time to stop and look fear in the face† (Eleanor Roosevelt) Fahrenheit 451, by Ray Bradbury, and The Truman Show both present the trials but the overall triumphs of Truman and Montag and their journeys to victory. While exploring and pondering upon the text, Fahrenheit 451, by Ray Bradbury, certain themes appear thatRead MoreRay Bradburys Fahrenheit 451 Character Analysis708 Words   |  3 Pagesis like for Guy Montag in Ray Bradburys novel Fahrenheit 451. In the beginning of the novel, Guy Montag is a fireman who believes that there has never been and will never be a need for books and every book should burn. As the story progresses, he interacts with people and experiences events in his life that change his beliefs and views of the world. By the end of the novel, Guy Montag can recite parts of books off the top of his head. In Ray Bradbury’s Fahrenheit 451, Guy Montag learns the truth

Study on Photorhabdus Luminescens-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Photorhabdus luminescens Bacteria. Answer: Introduction Photorhabdus luminescens bacteria, belongs to the family Enterobactriaceae, and acts as a lethal pathogen for the insects. The bacteria reside in the gut of the nematode of family Heterorhabditidae, in a symbiotic association (Murfin et al, 2012). The life cycle of these bacteria shows a strange switch between virulent and the avirulent form, depending upon the surrounding environment. The bacteria also produce several broadspectrum antibiotics. Extensive researches are going on to understand the biosynthetic mechanism of the secondary metabolites secreted by the bacteria. The driving force behind the extensive researches is because of its application in agriculture and pest control (Ruiu, 2015). It has also found its application in the research of pharmaceuticals. This report gives idea about the discovery of these bacteria, the different phenotypes and the different genes responsible for the different phenotypes. This report also throws light upon the different regulatory mechanisms of the operons and genes that helps the bacteria to switch between a mutualistic form and a virulent form. The latter part of the report also focuses upon the biosynthetic mechanisms of secondary metabolite produced by the bacteria, like Stilbene, Anthraquinone and antibiotic called Carbapenem. Further the report also aims at discussing the usage Nematodal formulations in the field to destroy the population of harmful insects. Discovery of Photorhabdus Several databases have been gone through to get information about the discovery of Photorhabdus bacteria. The civil war left many soldiers wounded, dead, and impaired. The bayonets and the bullets did enough injury, but the soldiers of that era were also prone to infections. The wounds got contaminated with dirt and made a suitable environment for the growth of microbes. Some soldiers could not fight the battle of their life due to lack of medical resources. Few soldiers who waited in the mud out in the rain found their wounds are glowing in the dark. After they had been shifted to the hospital, it was found that the soldiers with glowing wound had a better survival rate than the other soldiers with unilluminated wounds. The protective effect of the strange and mysterious glow earned a nickname Angels glow. In 2001, almost after one forty years after the battle, a seventeen year old while visiting the Shiloh battlefield with his family heard about the glowing wound. His mother was a microbiologist who had been doing research on the luminescent bacteria in the soil. They predicted that the luminescent bacteria that her mom had been studying had some connections with the Angels glow. It was studied that the bacteria lived in the gut of the nematodes share a strange life cycle of an avirulent symbiotic phase and a virulent phase. It was predicted that the weather and the condition of the soil was suitable for the growth of Photorhabdus bacteria. Although, they cannot survive in the normal body temperature, it can be predicted that the temperature at night would have been low enough to give a suitable environment to the bacteria. Phenotype of Photorhabdus luminescence Heterogeneity in the Phenotypes in microbial communities facilitates organisms, that are genetically identical to behave in a different way even under identical environmental conditions. Photorhabdus luminescens, a bioluminescent Gram-negative bacterium, displays a strange life cycle, which involves a mutualistic relayion with nematodes as well as a pathogenic relation with insect larvae. There are two phenotypic cell types, the primary (1) and secondary (2) cells. The 1 cells are pigmented, bioluminescent and grow inside the nematodes. Individual 1 cells can undergo switching of its phenotypes after prolonged cultivation and convert to 2 cells. The LysR-type regulator hexA has been reported to be the major regulator of this switching mechanism. It has been shown that hexA controls phenotypic heterogeneity, directly as well as indirectly. Expression of hexA is increased in 2 cells, and the corresponding regulator inhibits the 1 specific traits in 2 cells. hexA does not influence biol uminescence directly, a predominant 1 specific phenotype. Since the respective lux CD ABE operon is repressed at the post-transcriptional level and transcriptional levels, chaperone gene hfq also increases its expression in 2 cells. Another phenotypic trait that is specific for 1 cells is cell clumping, mediated by quorum sensing. Life cycle of Photorhabdus luminescence Bacteria belonging to the genus Photorhabdus, are found to be in symbiotic association with entopathologic nematode of family Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae (Clarke, 2014). These nematodes use these bacteria that live inside the gut of the nematodes for killing their hosts. After entering the hosts these nematodes release these bacteria in the host larvae. This causes killing of the hosts within 48 hours (Nielsen-LeRoux, 2012). The virulence factors defeats the immunity of the insect and the insect die Virulence factors like toxin complexes of large tripartite ABC-type. Tcs consists of TcA, TcB, TcC proteins. TcC proteins, ADP ribosyltransferases are responsible for the cell death in the insect larvae. Transportation of the TcC componants by the TcA and TcB componants is still not specifically understood. It has been found that TcA in P. luminescense forms a transient membrane pore and the proteins are inserted into the membrane by a syringe like mechanism (Gatsogiannis et al , 2013). This allows the nematodes to survive and thrive in the insect body. The nematodes reproduce inside the carcass of the insect. The carcass of the larva provides enough nutrients for the nematodes to grow and multiply. The nematodes undergo a number of life cycles and finally the carcass that is infected burst to give numerous progenies of the nematodes (Easom and Clarke, 2012). These new progenies then start searching for new insect hosts and start the cycle all over again. These live nematodes are sometimes used as pest control agents (Tobias et al 2012). Photorhabdus bacteria have got two faces. A mutualistic face, while living inside the gut of the nematodes and a pathogenic face, as they are introduced in to the host larvae. In order to ensure survival the bacteria had to adapt to the different environmental changes. They can switch between a pathogenic (P form) form and a symbiotic form (M form), that does not contain the virulence factors, shows less bioluminescence and are slow growing. An inversion in the promoter helps it to switch between two forms. It has been found that when the madswitch promoter located at upstream of the genes for the mad fimbriae is switched ON, the P.luminescence is said to be in the M form, when it can colonize inside the nematode gut. When the madswitch promoter is switched OF, the bacteria then transform into its P-form, when it can infect the insects but it loses the capacity to colonize inside the nematodes (Orozco, Hill and Stock, 2013). A review shows that, for testing the role of the madswitch promoter an experiment had been done where the madswitch promoter had been genetically locked to either the ON or OFF orientation. P form of the bacteria, having deleted inverted repeats and mad R, was injected into the larvae of Galleria mellonella to detect the M form colonies. Deletion of the upstream inverted repeats locked the madswitch OFF. As a result the P form cannot switch its form and initiate mutualism. Conversely, on deleting the same repeat while the madswitch is ON, switched the P form to M-form colonies without any P-form sectors (Somvanshi et al, 2012). Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites Photorhabdus bacteria shows underexploited novel chemical structures. Over few decades, attention has been given on the toxins and small molecules produced by Photorhabdus. A lot of research had been done in this field because of their potential applications for pest management, as well as in Pharmaceutical industries (Vizcaino, Guo and Crawford, 2014). The natural products secreted by the bacteria are important components in crop protection. Several Photorhabdus protein products and their genes have been found as an alternative to Bacillus thuringenesis for the production of transgenic crops, although their application has not been pursued (Brachmann et al., 2012). Stilbene biosynthesis Photorhabdusshows a secondary metabolism that is essential for the mutualism between the bacteria and the nematode. An essential secondary metabolite is a stilbene molecule, known as ST. The initial step in ST biosynthesis involves the non-oxidative deamination of phenylalanine which results in the formation of cinnamic acid. Phenylalanine-ammonium lyase, which is an enzyme, encoded by thestlAgene, catalyses the reaction. Researches have shown that the expression ofstlAis regulated by nutrient limitation via a regulatory mechanism that involves by 3 regulators. It has been found that TyrR, a LysR-type transcriptional regulator that regulates gene expression in response to aromatic amino acids inE. coli, is required forstlAexpression. It had also been found that Sand Lrp modulates thestlAexpression. These are regulators that are implicated in the regulation of the response to nutrient limitation in other bacteria (Lango-Scholey, 2013). This report describes a regulatory pathway for se condary metabolism inPhotorhabdusand, therefore, the study provides an idea about the complex regulatory network that controls secondary metabolism and mutualism, in this organism (Lango et al., 2013) Carbapenem biosyntheses Photorhabdus bacteria produce many broad spectrum antibiotics as their secondary metabolite (Raaijmakers and Mazzola, 2012). It has been reported that a cluster of 8 genes (cpmA to cpmH) are responsible for the formation of carbapenem like antibiotics. The cpm mRNA level gets high during the exponential phase and is regulated by Rap/Hor homolog that has been found in Photorhabdus bacteria. It has been found that marker exchanged mutagenesis in the gene leads to impaired production of carbapenem production. The luxS like signaling function also have role in the functioning of the cpm operon. It has been found the luxS gene produces an auto inducer that causes repression in the cpm gene at the end of the exponential phase of the growth cycle (Bozhyk et al., 2017). Anthraquinone biosynthesis The entomopathogenic bacterium Photorhabdus luminescens produces a red pigment and an antibiotic in insect carcasses in which it grows and in cultures. The pigment was identified as 1, 6-dihydroxy-4-methoxy-9, 10-anthraquinone, which is an Anthraquinone derivative. AQ pigment is produced by proteins encoded by the 9 gene anta-I locus. Genes present at both the end of this locus encode certain regulators of transcription are encoded by the genes of this locus. Hdfr, which is a transcription regulatory factor, acts as a repressor of ant- I expression and AQ production (Park and Crawford, 2015). Over the years it has become necessary for humans to control the populations of harmful insects Insecticides have been used for this purpose in agricultural and horticultural sectors. Biological have replaced the synthetic insecticides, because of their harmful effects. Recent researches have shown that species of Photorhabdus bacteria produce insecticidal toxins, which have various biotechnological, agricultural, and economic importances (Castagnola and Stock, 2014). Conclusion The report focuses on the recent advances in researches regarding the molecular biology of Photorhabdus luminescens, and emphasis has been given to apply the researches in the field of agriculture. The above report signifies the Photorhabdus bacteria are the gold mine for the discovery of new type of toxins and drugs. This report also throws light upon the fact that this bacterium employs a complex regulatory mechanism of its genes and operons to control its production of secondary metabolite during its life cycle. The bacterium displays a functional heterogeneity in phase variation and interaction with different hosts. It can be concluded that the production of the secondary metabolites at the time of post exponential phase of the life cycle has a direct link with mutualistic association of the bacteria with the nematode. It has also been shown in the report that a mere switch in the promoter could regulate the bacterias pathogenicity towards specific host. The report gives a better understanding about the different regulatory pathways that the bacteria employ. All these characteristics of the bacteria along with its use in the field of agriculture make it a popular topic of research. References Bozhyk, K.A., Zhou, Q., Engel, Y., Heinrich, A., Prez, A. and Bode, H.B., 2017. Natural Products from Photorhabdus and Other Entomopathogenic Bacteria.The Molecular Biology of Photorhabdus Bacteria, pp.55-79. Brachmann, A.O., Kirchner, F., Kegler, C., Kinski, S.C., Schmitt, I. and Bode, H.B., 2012. Triggering the production of the cryptic blue pigment indigoidine from Photorhabdus luminescens.Journal of biotechnology,157(1), pp.96-99. Castagnola, A. and Stock, S.P., 2014. Common virulence factors and tissue targets of entomopathogenic bacteria for biological control of lepidopteran pests.Insects,5(1), pp.139-166. Clarke, D.J., 2014. The genetic basis of the symbiosis between Photorhabdus and its invertebrate hosts.Adv Appl Microbiol,88, pp.1-29. Easom, C.A. and Clarke, D.J., 2012. HdfR is a regulator in Photorhabdus luminescens that modulates metabolism and symbiosis with the nematode Heterorhabditis.Environmental microbiology,14(4), pp.953-966. Gatsogiannis, C., Lang, A.E., Meusch, D., Pfaumann, V., Hofnagel, O., Benz, R., Aktories, K. and Raunser, S., 2013. A syringe-like injectionmechanismin Photorhabdus luminescens toxins.Nature,495(7442), p.520. Lango-Scholey, L., Brachmann, A.O., Bode, H.B. and Clarke, D.J., 2013. The expression of stlA in Photorhabdus luminescens is controlled by nutrient limitation.PLoS One,8(11), p.e82152. Murfin, K.E., Dillman, A.R., Foster, J.M., Bulgheresi, S., Slatko, B.E., Sternberg, P.W. and Goodrich-Blair, H., 2012. Nematode-bacterium symbiosescooperation and conflict revealed in the Omics age.The Biological Bulletin,223(1), pp.85-102. Nielsen-LeRoux, C., Gaudriault, S., Ramarao, N., Lereclus, D. and Givaudan, A., 2012. How the insect pathogen bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis and Xenorhabdus/Photorhabdus occupy their hosts.Current opinion in microbiology,15(3), pp.220-231. Orozco, R.A., Hill, T. and Stock, S.P., 2013. Characterization and Phylogenetic Relationships of Photorhabdusluminescens subsp. sonorensis (-Proteobacteria: Enterobacteriaceae), the Bacterial Symbiont of the Entomopathogenic Nematode Heterorhabditis sonorensis (Nematoda: Heterorhabditidae).Current microbiology,66(1), pp.30-39. Park, H.B. and Crawford, J.M., 2015. Lumiquinone A, an -aminomalonate-derived aminobenzoquinone from Photorhabdus luminescens.Journal of natural products,78(6), pp.1437-1441. Raaijmakers, J.M. and Mazzola, M., 2012. Diversity and natural functions of antibiotics produced by beneficial and plant pathogenic bacteria.Annual review of phytopathology,50, pp.403-424. Ruiu, L., 2015. Insect pathogenic bacteria in integrated pest management.Insects,6(2), pp.352-367. Somvanshi, V.S., Sloup, R.E., Crawford, J.M., Martin, A.R., Heidt, A.J., Kim, K.S., Clardy, J. and Ciche, T.A., 2012. A single promoter inversion switches Photorhabdus between pathogenic and mutualistic states.Science,337(6090), pp.88-93. Tobias, N.J., Mishra, B., Gupta, D.K., Sharma, R., Thines, M., Stinear, T.P. and Bode, H.B., 2016. Genome comparisons provide insights into the role of secondary metabolites in the pathogenic phase of the Photorhabdus life cycle.BMC genomics,17(1), p.537. Vizcaino, M.I., Guo, X. and Crawford, J.M., 2014. Merging chemical ecology with bacterial genome mining for secondary metabolite discovery.Journal of industrial microbiology biotechnology,41(2), pp.285-299.

Technology and Science A Look Back at the Past Experiences

Technologies can hardly be defined as merely tools; instead, they can be evaluated on their own merits, as the indicators of the progress of the civilization and the measure of people’s possibilities in terms of science and progress.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Technology and Science: A Look Back at the Past Experiences specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Despite the fact that, for the most part, technologies are supposed to be used as a tool for acquiring certain information or getting a specific result, they can also be introduced as a measure of progress, seeing how these technologies evolved over time. Indeed, it is noteworthy that over time, different tools have been used for the same purposes; for example, to distribute information on long distances, people used first pigeon service, then postal service, then phones; now people use Internet for this purpose. Thus, technologies show how the huma nkind has evolved and can be considered a means to define the current stage of development. That being said, it would be wrong to assume that the only relation between technology and science can be defined as the one between theory and tools. Instead, technology is related to science as a measure of progress. Making mistakes is an integral part of being human. To try new experiences and realize whether the theories that have been constructed in the process work, people have to take certain steps, which not always result in success. Therefore, failure is an inevitable and nonetheless important part of growth. However, making mistakes without learning from them does not lead to efficient growth; instead, it triggers even more problems. Thus, it is crucial to learn to analyze the past mistakes, as well as the steps that triggered them. Once learning the factors that predetermined the failure, along with the point at which a mistake was made, one can drive important lessons even from th e most deplorable experiences in human history. Related to technology, such experiences include the use of nuclear weapons in the WWII – or, to be more exact, the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. It would be wrong to call the invention of a nuclear bomb a mistake, though; to be able to define their moral dimensions, people have to know what is wrong and what is right, which means that people must not hide from the issues that are traditionally considered wrong. Instead, it is important to be able to define the point at which technology stops serving humankind and starts being used against it. One of the most fascinating things about technology is that it affects not only science, but also a number of other fields, including economy, politics, and finances.Advertising Looking for assessment on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In a way, technology defines the way in which these fields evolve. With regard to economy, technology can be considered a powerful means to boost growth and provide the means to evolve. For instance, the concept of solar energy, which might soon become a part of everyday reality, is bound to shape economy considerably, seeing how it will reinvent the transportation system. With the use of solar energy, the need in petrol is going to drop, which means that the current oil tycoons are going to be out of business. Thus, major oil companies will lose their control over the transportation market; as a result, the redivision of the world market is most likely to happen, with the re-definition of the companies that have the major influence on the world market. This assessment on Technology and Science: A Look Back at the Past Experiences was written and submitted by user Chr0n0mancer to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Julius Ceasar essays

Julius Ceasar essays [Caesar] proceeded by forced marches to the territory of the Nervii, and there learnt from prisoners what was happening in [Quintus] Ciceros camp, and how critical the position was. He then induced one of his Gallic horsemen... to convey a letter to Cicero, which he wrote in Greek characters, for fear it might be intercepted and his plans known to the enemy. If he was unable to get into the camp, the man was to tie the letter to the thong of a javelin and throw it in over the rampart. The letter informed Cicero that Caesar was on the way with some legions and would be there shortly, and told him to keep up a bold front. Julius Caesar, De Bello Gallico. One of the most important men in Roman history said that, Julius Caesar. This essay will address many aspects of Caesars life from birth, up to his death, and also how his death was avenged. This will be told through a few sources, which will be mentioned later on. Julius Caesar was going to be a very influential and powerful leader someday but first he had to have his beginnings. Some sources say that Julius Caesar was born around the years 102 B.C. or 100 B.C. during the month of Quinctilis. Quinctilis is now known as July it was named from Julius to honor him. He was a descendant of a poor patrician family, which had ties to the Roman Senate. The Caesars regained political influence when Julius aunt married a general and consul member named Gaius Marius. Some sources say Caesar was the Flamen Dialis (high priest) of Jupiter. He would have gotten this position from either Marius or an ally named Cornelius Cinna, but its not known if he actually held the position or he was just nominated for it. After this a man named Sulla, who was Dictator of Rome, gave Caesar his chance at military excellence. Sulla over took the Marian party and was than dictator. Caesar had to flee to try and save his own life and went into hiding, because S ...

Dealing With Mental Health In Social Work Social Work Essays

Dealing With Mental Health In Social Work Social Work Essays Dealing With Mental Health In Social Work Social Work Essay Dealing With Mental Health In Social Work Social Work Essay This research paper is traveling to look at the societal work profession and specifically cover with mental wellness societal work. In researching on the topic, I will utilize books and articles to acquire secondary information and at the same clip transport out an interview with two societal workers that are involved with mental wellness patients and clients. One of the societal workers has a unmarried man s grade in societal work while the other one holds a maestro s grade in societal work. Transporting out the interview will necessitate presenting a few inquiries which are listed below. Social work is a profession which is most suited for persons who have a strong impulse and desire to assist better the lives of other people. Therefore, societal workers are the professionals who help people in get bying with their twenty-four hours to twenty-four hours lives and work outing their personal, household and relationship jobs. In add-ons, there is another group of societal workers that helps the clients in covering with disablements and life threatening or fatal diseases every bit good as societal jobs such as drug maltreatment and unemployment. As a consequence, they besides end up being involved in the conducting of research, recommending for improved services and engagement in the planning and/or policy development. Basically, most of the societal workers concentrate in providing their services to a peculiar population or in operating in a specific background. Social workers are by and large involved in different countries of pattern harmonizing to one s penchant. The se classs are mental wellness, elderly, instruction, political, medical or slums inhabitants. If they have the right State mandated licence, these workers are referred to as accredited clinical societal workers in malice of whichever puting they are in. Mental wellness societal workers, who are frequently paired up with the substance abuse societal workers, are the 1s who treat people affected with mental unwellness or substance maltreatment jobs. The ground why mental and substance abuse societal workers are paired up is because more frequently than non, substance maltreatment leads to dependence and most experts concur that dependence is a encephalon disease. The services offered by these societal workers include single and group therapy, crisis intercession, outreach, societal rehabilitation and outreach plans. In add-on, they help in be aftering for supportive services so as to do it easier for the clients when they leave the in-patient installations to rejoin the community and besides supply services to assist the household members of their clients get by with the state of affairs. Although most mental wellness workers are flexible to work in whichever puting that they are comfy with, they normally spend most of their clip in an office or a residential installation. Some of them work in outpatient installations whereby the patients come for the intervention and medical specialty so leave while others work in inmate installations whereby the clients shack within the installation until they are good plenty to travel back place. In respect to the normal work environment, there are a few mental wellness workers who work in employee-assistance plans in which instance they help people cope with job-related force per unit areas or with personal jobs that may impact the quality of their work production. Several other workers are involved in private pattern where they get employed straight by a peculiar client. Workers may besides go locally to see their clients, meet with service suppliers and attend meetings. Even though most of the mental societal workers are greatly satisfied after offering their services, the occupation can sometimes be really ambitious. Social work, and particularly in the mental wellness forte, does non hold a batch of professionals. Due to this, there is a regular understaffing and construct up of big instance burden in some of the bureaus therefore taking to excessively much force per unit area on the available workers. Full clip societal work requires one to work a standard 40-hour hebdomad but due to the nature of the occupation, one is at times obligated to work during the eventides and weekends run intoing with clients, go toing community meetings and managing exigencies. Furthermore, in the working with some patients particularly in the mental wellness establishments can turn out to be ambitious and at times impossible. This is particularly when covering with a inveterate sick patient who is unwilling to co-operate and is hard to manage and pull off. In such a instance, external aid might be required to quiet down such a patient and Acts of the Apostless such as man-handling and shooting them with depressants have to be executed so as to return things back to normalcy. ( Golightley, 159 ) Merely like any other profession, societal workers besides have minimal demands so as to be permitted full entry into the business. Although some places necessitate one to hold an advanced grade, the most common minimal demand is on norm a unmarried man s grade in societal work ( BSW ) which is sufficient for entry into the field. However there are a few exclusions whereby a major in psychological science, sociology or related Fieldss can measure up one for some entry-level occupations in little community bureaus. On the other manus, a maestro s grade in societal work ( MSW ) is characteristically critical for one to acquire places in both the wellness and learning Fieldss every bit good as in clinical work. Furthermore, for learning place in colleges or universities, one would necessitate a doctors degree in societal work ( DSW or PhD ) . A certified unmarried man s degree plan requires a lower limit of 400 hours of supervised field experience while a maestro s degree plan includes a lower limit of 900 hours of supervised field direction. This prepares the alumnuss for employment in their chosen field of forte and helps them go on developing the accomplishments required to put to death clinical appraisals, grip and oversee big instance loads every bit good as explore new ways of utilizing societal services that are helpful to the clients. In add-on to the educational makings, all provinces have licensing, enfranchisement or enrollment demands sing the usage of professional rubrics. Most of the provinces call for 2 old ages of supervised clinical experience for any societal worker to be given a licence. However, one does non merely necessitate professional and educational makings to successfully pattern a socially and emotionally disputing calling of mental wellness societal work. One besides needs to hold certain personal accomplishments and traits. First and first, a mental wellness societal worker should be nonsubjective and at the same clip sensitive to other people and the jobs they are covering with. It is besides helpful to both the societal worker and the client to possess unagitated disposition, quiet temperament and be really patient. A societal worker should besides be emotionally mature, be able to pull off duties and to keep good working dealingss with both clients and coworkers. In footings of promotion, a mental wellness worker can come on to go a supervisor of other workers, a plan director or an executive manager of a mental wellness establishment. In the instance where 1 has reached a unassuming age or is unable to work in a wellness establishment, there are other calling options such as instruction, confer withing, researching or traveling into private pattern. In decision, despite the societal work profession and most particularly the country of mental wellness non being every bit popular as other callings such as medical specialty or jurisprudence, it is merely every bit of import in the community as the others. Mental wellness societal workers contribute greatly to the community in set abouting a undertaking that most people do non hold the bosom, temperament or bravery to make. If more people were to dig into the profession, the community and the households covering with mental unwellnesss would profit significantly. Name: Kerril Sommerville. Location: Monmouth Medical Center, Long Branch, New Jersey. Telephone: +1 800 732-922-7300 Electronic mail: jlomani @ yahoo.com

Questionnaire - Benefit GCC become Common currency Essay - 1

Questionnaire - Benefit GCC become Common currency - Essay Example The findings of the study reveal that majority of the participants were between 26 to 35 years 40 percent of the population). 21 percent of the population was between the ages 36 to 45 years, 19 percent were between the age group less than 25 years and 10 percent were between the age group 46 to 55 years and over 55 years. The qualification/ highest education of the participants was asked. The results show that most of respondents were university graduated 56 percent of them were bachelors, 12 percent PhD 15 percent were masters. However, the respondents with graduated high school were only 4 percent. Hence, it can be noted that the most of the participants were education and qualified degrees. The statistical findings reveal 75 percent of the participants were UAE national, whereas on 13 percent wee gulf national and 12 percent was non-Arab national. Hence, it can be noted that the majority of the respondents were UAE nationals. On the basis of the results obtained it can be majority of the respondents disagreed that he increase in the oil revenues will welcome the idea for GCC countries to have a common currency union (mean value 13). Moreover, it can be noted that the dispersion in the data was relatively low that indicates that the responses were more inclined towards disagreement of the idea. It is because the increase in the oil revenue will separately improve overall economic performance of the country due to which there is not a significant reason for the GCC countries to unite and establish common currency union. Furthermore, it was also investigated if the GCC countries are ready to establish separate currency the outcomes of the study highlights that the majority of the respondents disagreed and strongly disagreed to establish GCC currency union. However, the STD of 8.9 indicates that there has been a great dispersion in the data that means that the respondent’s opinion greatly

Arizona constitution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Arizona constitution - Essay Example However, it is an unfair process when amendments such as limiting the bail eligibility are proposed because they restrict the judicial system (McClory, 2010). This constitution gives more power to the people by giving them the right to propose and approve any changes to the constitution through the initiative process. This is where an amendment is suggested, and signatures are gathered to get to the voting stage where voters may consider and act on it. The legislature may also refer legislations to the voters for them to decide through a referendum process it to become a law. Therefore, these make the citizens able to consider their collective future without depending on their representatives and the legislature (McClory, 2010). This constitution is a populist and has a participatory spirit by including the right to amend it through the initiative and referendum process. This makes it fair enough and I think the progressive framers can approve

Partial fulfilment of the Requirement Essay Example for Free

Partial fulfilment of the Requirement Essay THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND Introduction Nowadays, we are experiencing diseases which is caused by insects like mosquito. To name some are Dengue, Hemorrhagic Fever, and Malaria wherein if not treated early it can cause death. Mosquitoes are all around the corner of our environment. They are not that big but can cut off life. To control the mosquitoes, different mosquito repellent are made and the laboratory chemicals are effective but they are quite expensive and not environmental friendly. Chemicals also are harmful to our health; it may cause a sudden death in case of improper handling. In the rural barangays there are common herbal plants used by rural folks in exterminating harmful insects like mosquitoes. And so the research was conceptualized to detect the insecticidal effect of Alliums cepa (Onion) and Allium sativum (Garlic) on mosquitoes and make a mosquito repellent out of onion and garlic, a not expensive repellent that everyone especially the poor ones can afford. Garlic and Onion contains allicin that is capable of repelling mosquitoes and allicin is inimical to mosquitoes. Another reason is garlic and onion has also a strong odour that overwhelms the mosquito’s sense of smell and prevents from finding their prey (us). Statement of the Problem This study will be conducted to examine if there is an insecticidal effect in the extract of Allium sativum (Garlic) and Allium cepa (Onion) on mosquitoes and to make a repellent out of it that will be guided with the following questions: * Is there an insecticidal effect in the extract of Allium sativum (Garlic) and Allium cepa (Onion) on mosquitoes? * Is the extract of Allium cepa (Onion) and Allium sativum (Garlic) effective as a mosquito repellent? Objectives Generally, the study aims to determine if there is an insecticidal effect of Allium cepa (Onion) and Allium sativum (Garlic) on mosquitoes. Specifically, the study aims to know if the extract of Allium cepa (Onion) and Allium sativum (Garlic) is effective on repelling mosquitoes. Significance of the Study The study can help in repelling mosquitoes for it will examine the insecticidal effect of Allium cepa (Onion) and Allium sativum (Garlic) on mosquitoes. This study will be helpful to people especially those living with many mosquitoes around them for it will be easy for them to make it and it’s safe. And the repellent will be an environmental friendly. It can also help lessen the dengue and malaria outbreak. Scope and Limitations The study will be conducted from November 2012 to December 2012. It will be conducted on a cool warm dry room. The effectiveness of this repellent will be applicable to the place where the experiment will be conducted. Hypothesis There will be no insecticidal effect of Allium cepa (Onion) and Allium sativum (Garlic) on mosquitoes. The extract of Allium cepa (Onion) and Allium sativum will not be effective as a mosquito repellent. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE Recently, our country is suffering from different kinds of outbreak just like dengue and malaria outbreak and this is caused by mosquitoes. Mosquitoes are around us, they are small but they can cause death if you are bitten with it. To control these insects some of us buy expensive insecticide though it is effective it is also harmful. Harmful to our health because it contain chemicals that if mishandled can cause to death. It’s not also environmental friendly. Herbal repellent are commonly used by rural barangays where the people find it difficult for them to buy commercially available insecticides for mosquitoes, and so the researcher was conceptualize to examine if there is an insecticidal effect of Allium cepa (Onion) and Allium sativum (Garlic) on mosquitoes and to make a repellent that is effective to repell mosquitoes, a non-toxic repellent, an environmental friendly and a cheaper mosquito repellent. Onion and Garlic has an allicin that is capable of repelling mosquitoes and other insects. The allicin which is released by Allium cepa (Onion) and Allium sativum (Garlic) are inimical by mosquitoes. The another reason why Garlic and Onion can repell mosquitoes is their strong smell that overwhelms the mosquito’s and prevent them from finding their prey (us). Onion Onion is the common name for herbaceous, cold season plant Allium cepa, which is characterized by an edible, rounded bulb composed of concentric, fleshy, tightly packed, and an enlarged leaf basses. Onion is also the name of this edible bulb, which is commercially valuable and known for its pungent oil that departs a strong taste. Onion are found in a large number of recipes and preparations spanning almost the totality of the world’s cultures. The whole plant is edible and is used as food in some form or other. They are now available in fresh, frozen, canned, caramelized, pickled, powdered, chopped and dehydrated formed. Onion can be used, usually chopped our sliced, in almost every type of food, including cooked foods and fresh salads and as spicy garnish. In European cultures they are rarely eaten on their own, but usually act as accompaniment to the main course. Depending on the variety, an onion can be sharp, spicy, tangy, pungent mild or sweet. Onion contains allicin that is capable of repelling mosquitoes. Onions can also repel mosquitoes because of its strong odour and its spicy flavour which mosquitoes hate. Commonly a red onion is used by repelling mosquitoes. Garlic garlic is plant grown for its sharp-tasting bulb, which is used to season foods. Some plants related to garlic including the onion also have strong flavour. The garlic bulb consists of parts called cloves. The cloves may be eaten or used for planting. A brittle papery covering called a tunic grows around each cloves] and around the whole bulb. There are several important components of garlic that have been identified, and many more that have not. Alliin is an odourless sulphur-containing chemical derived from the amino acid cysteine. When garlic bulbs are crushed, alliin is converted into another compound called allicin. Allicin appears to be one of the primary active compounds that gives garlic its characteristic odor and many of its healing benefits. However, allicin is not absorbed effectively by the human body. To combat this problem, aged garlic is fermented to break allicin down to usable compounds. These compounds are water-soluble sulphur compounds (S-ally cysteine and others) and an amount of oil-soluble sulphur compounds. Alicia is a powerful compound of garlic. If the garlic releases an illicit it is inimical to mosquitoes. They have therefore evolved to avoid garlic, another reason why garlic can repel mosquitoes is that the strong smell of garlic overwhelms the mosquito’s sense of smell and prevents them from finding their prey (us). RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Materials Alliums cape (Onion) and Alliums stadium (Garlic) will be the main components of the repellent and will be the source of illicit. Cayenne pepper will be added to onion and garlic to make it spicier. Liquid dish soap will be needed to make the repellent fragrant. In getting the extract of Onion and Garlic, blender will be used. A sprayer is also needed wherein the repellent will be placed. Test Organism Fifty mosquitoes will be collected and must be distributed equally to five containers for the five set-ups. Mosquitoes will serve as the test organism. Test Procedure In making the repellent, chop into small pieces the onion and garlic without peeling. Place the chopped onions and garlic at the blender with the cayenne pepper. Then place a 250 mol amount of water. Blend on a slow speed to a milky consistency. After blending place the extract of onion and garlic pin a empty bottle sprayer. Wait an hour to add 50mL liquid dish soap for the extract will be odorous. Then shake well. In determining the insecticidal effect, there will be five set up. The first repellent will have 100g of onion and garlic. Second set up will have 100g of onion and 70 g of garlic. Third setup will have 70g of onion and 100g of garlic. The fourth set-up will have 100g of onion and 100g of garlic and liquid dish soap will not be added. And the fifth set-up will be a commercial insecticide to determine is what is more effective. One set-up will be sprayed at the one container with mosquitoes and the researcher will record how long will all the mosquitoes die and how many mosquito will die in one 30 sec, 1 min, 1 min and 30 sec, and 2 min. The other set-ups will also undergo this procedure. RESEARCH PLAN Student’s Name| Kamille Joy P. Tamanu| Year Level | IV| School| Camalaniugan National High School| School Address| Dugo, Camalaniugan, Cagayan| Title of Project| Insecticidal Effect of Allium cepa (Onion) and Allium sativum on Mosquitoes| Tel. /Fax. No| (078)-844-2036| Project Adviser| Rowena Arellano| This year’s experiment began| Conducted the work at School and Home| MATERIALS AND METHODS Materials Allium cepa (Onion) and Allium sativum (Garlic) will be the main components of the repellent and will be the source of allicin. Cayenne pepper will be added to onion and garlic to make it spicier. Liquid dish soap will be needed to make the repellent fragrant. In getting the extract of Onion and Garlic, blender will be used. A sprayer is also needed wherein the repellent will be placed. Test Organism Fifty mosquitoes will be collected and must be distributed equally to five containers for the five set-ups. Mosquitoes will serve as the test organism. Test Procedure In making the repellent, chop into small pieces the onion and garlic without peeling. Place the chopped onions and garlic at the blender with the cayenne pepper. Then place a 250 mL amount of water. Blend on a slow speed to a milky consistency. After blending place the extract of onion and garlic pin an empty bottle sprayer. Wait an hour to add 50mL liquid dish soap for the extract will be odorous. Then shake well. In determining the insecticidal effect, there will be five set up. The first repellent will have 100g of onion and garlic. Second set up will have 100g of onion and 70 g of garlic. Third setup will have 70g of onion and 100g of garlic. The fourth set-up will have 100g of onion and 100g of garlic and liquid dish soap will not be added. And the fifth set-up will be a commercial insecticide to determine is what is more effective. One set-up will be sprayed at the one container with mosquitoes and the researcher will record how long will all the mosquitoes die and how many mosquito will die in one 30 sec, 1 min, 1 min and 30 sec, and 2 min. The other set-ups will also undergo this procedure. Bibliography Book O.A Lorenz Academic American Encyclopaedia 1994 Vol.9, pp.48 O.A Lorenz Academic American Encyclopaedia 1994 Vol.14, pp.390-391 Anton A. Redneck, World Book 2006, Vol.8, pp.44 George R. Hughes, World Book 2006, Vol.14, pp.163 Internet Sites http://www.philippineherbalmedicine.org/garlic.htm http://www.philippineherbalmedicine.org/onion.htm http://organicgardeningweb.com/Recipe%20book/Pesticide%20Recipes/Garlic%20Spray.htm http://recipegoldmine.com/house/all-purpose-insect-spray.html

The Status of Religious Language :: Religion Philosophy Christianity Essays

In recent work on the philosophy of religion, there has been a great deal of concentration on what John Hick, in his Philosophy of Religion [Prentice Hall International Editions, 1990, Chapter 7] calls "the peculiarity of religious language". What Hick is referring to is the fact that when language is used either to describe God, or to make any kind of religious statement, it is used in ways that quickly reveal inherent difficulties of meaning. These problems have to do with the fact that while religious statements seem to have all the authority of factual statements, it is quite clearly not possible to regard them as actually being equivalently authoritative. It is not difficult to demonstrate this: a) Jesus loves Bob and Edna. Edna loves Bob. b) God has ordered me to do this. c) My parents have ordered me to stay in this evening. In the case of statements a), it would be straightforward, in all kinds of ways, to discover evidence for or against the truth of the statement that "Edna loves Bob". If one could listen to their private conversations over dinner, for example, it would not be difficult to interpret the affection of Edna for Bob and, hopefully, of Bob for Edna. If Bob were ill or unhappy, Edna's conduct towards him would demonstrate her love. We could go on with this list and, without any difficulty, lengthen it considerably in ways which, despite the theoretical possibility of our being deceived, would be generally verifiable and agreeable not only to Bob and Edna, but also to anyone else not devoutly sceptical to whom we might talk about Bob and Edna and their relationship. It would, though, surely, be rather more difficult to provide similar validation of the statement that "Jesus loves Bob and Edna", for, in attempting to do so, one would need to address such intractable questions as the following: how would we go about demonstrating either the truth or the falsity of this statement if Bob said that he did not believe it was true and Edna said that she did, who would be speaking the truth if the statement were made by a friendly neighbour, worried about Bob and Edna never attending church, on what basis might the statement be said to be veritably either true or false if Bob and Edna won a large amount of money in the national lottery, would this demonstrate that Jesus loved them The Status of Religious Language :: Religion Philosophy Christianity Essays In recent work on the philosophy of religion, there has been a great deal of concentration on what John Hick, in his Philosophy of Religion [Prentice Hall International Editions, 1990, Chapter 7] calls "the peculiarity of religious language". What Hick is referring to is the fact that when language is used either to describe God, or to make any kind of religious statement, it is used in ways that quickly reveal inherent difficulties of meaning. These problems have to do with the fact that while religious statements seem to have all the authority of factual statements, it is quite clearly not possible to regard them as actually being equivalently authoritative. It is not difficult to demonstrate this: a) Jesus loves Bob and Edna. Edna loves Bob. b) God has ordered me to do this. c) My parents have ordered me to stay in this evening. In the case of statements a), it would be straightforward, in all kinds of ways, to discover evidence for or against the truth of the statement that "Edna loves Bob". If one could listen to their private conversations over dinner, for example, it would not be difficult to interpret the affection of Edna for Bob and, hopefully, of Bob for Edna. If Bob were ill or unhappy, Edna's conduct towards him would demonstrate her love. We could go on with this list and, without any difficulty, lengthen it considerably in ways which, despite the theoretical possibility of our being deceived, would be generally verifiable and agreeable not only to Bob and Edna, but also to anyone else not devoutly sceptical to whom we might talk about Bob and Edna and their relationship. It would, though, surely, be rather more difficult to provide similar validation of the statement that "Jesus loves Bob and Edna", for, in attempting to do so, one would need to address such intractable questions as the following: how would we go about demonstrating either the truth or the falsity of this statement if Bob said that he did not believe it was true and Edna said that she did, who would be speaking the truth if the statement were made by a friendly neighbour, worried about Bob and Edna never attending church, on what basis might the statement be said to be veritably either true or false if Bob and Edna won a large amount of money in the national lottery, would this demonstrate that Jesus loved them

Informative Speech on 9/11 Planes Essay

How many of you can still remember exactly where you was on 9/11? I remember I was in my 2nd grade classroom and hearing over the intercom that our teachers needed to turn on the T.V. As we began watching the horrific events that was taking place and yet to take place, we was all confused on what was happening, and why. We just knew what we was watching was not normal. The World Trade Center attacks were part of a strategic plan of a terrorist group al-Qaeda. Throughout the speech, I will be mapping out the attacks as they unraveled. Four planes were hijacked, each intended for different targets. According to the New York Times, the flights that were hijacked included American Airlines Flight 11, United Airlines Flight 175, American Airlines 77, and United Airlines Flight 93 (Schememann A1.) American Airlines Flight 11, which carried five Al-Qaeda terrorists, 81 passengers, and 11 crewmembers, was the first plane to hit the North Twin Tower. The flight was scheduled from Boston, Massachusetts to L.A. California. Within fifteen minutes of that flight, the Al-Qaeda hijackers had injured three people, killed one, and forcibly made their way into the cockpit, and overtook the captain and first officer. Mohamed Atta was the hijacker that took over the planes control, and was in control of the events that followed. The air control system realized something was wrong when they lost all contact with American Airlines Flight 11, until Mohamed Atta, accidently sent a message to the air control system instead of the passengers in the plane. At 8:46 local time, the aircraft crashed into the North tower of the World Trade Center. 102 minutes after the impact, the North tower of the World Trade center collapsed. United Airlines Flight 175 was the second passenger flight, which carried five hijackers and 60 people, which was boarded to go from Boston, Massachusetts, to Los Angeles, California. Within 30 minutes of take off, the hijackers had forcefully entered the cockpit and overruled the pilot and first officer, allowing Marwan al-Shehhi to control the airplane from then on. Unlike American Airlines Flight 11, Airlines Flight 175 kept their air traffic control system on, and it was visible on New York Center’s radar. Many of the passengers and also crew members made phones calls from the phones located on the plane. 17 minutes after the North Tower was hit by American Airlines Flight 11, the United Airlines Flight 175 then struck the South Tower, which was the only impact from September 11, 2001 that was seen live on television as it occurred. 56 minutes after the impact on the South Tower, of the World Trade center, the building collapsed. American Airlines Flight 77, which killed the five Al-Qaeda terrorists and 59 passengers boarded the plane, and also the 125 people that were in the building of the third attack, the Pentagon located in Washington, D.C. The flight was departing from Dulles, Virginia to the destination of Los Angeles, California. It took the five hijackers 35 minutes to intrude the cockpit; Hani Jonjour then took over as the pilot of American Airlines Flight 77. The western side of the Pentagon at 9:37 was hit. At 10:10 A.M. a section of the Pentagon had collapsed, it took days for firefighters to extinguish the massive fire. United Airlines Flight 93, withheld four Al-Qaeda terrorists and 44 passengers, crashed into a field near Stonycreek, Township, Pennsylvania. It only took the Al-Qaeda members 46 minutes to take control over the plane. The passengers of the plane had decided they were not going to let the hijackers hit their target and kill them without an attempt to recover the planes control. The passengers on the plane were in touch with people from the phones, to be aware that the World Trade Center had been hit, along with the Pentagon. The passengers attempted to gain back the control of United Airlines Flight 93, and during this attempt, the plane crashed into the field in Stonycreek Township. United Airlines Flight 93 was the only plane that did not reach its hijackers’ target. Many of us was aware of the events that took place on 9/11, but really didn’t know much about the passengers that was boarded those four planes on September 11, 2001, a day that forever change America. On Flight 11, Charles â€Å"Chuck† Jones, 48, almost made it into outer space. He was qualified to fly on the space shuttle and was scheduled to fly a mission when the 1987 Challenger explosion indefinitely postponed launched. On Flight 77, Suzanna Calley, 42, of California, would have celebrated her 20th wedding anniversary on Wednesday, September 12th, and her 43rd birthday on Monday, September 17. On Flight 175, Ruth McCourt, 45, and her daughter, Juliana, age 4, were aboard United Airline Flight 175. Ruth McCourt’s brother, Ronnie, escaped the ground floor of the World Trade Center. On Flight 93, Todd Beamer, 32, leaves a pregnant wife and two sons. His family believes that he died when he and other passengers tried recovering Flight 93 from the hijackers. The flights of 11, 77, 175, and 93 has forever change the life of America and on 9/11, there will always be a moment of silence for the people that bravely lost their lives that day. Work Cited http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Airlines_Flight_11 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Airlines_Flight_93 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Airlines_Flight_77 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Airlines_Flight_175 http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/news/nation/2001/09/11/victims-capsules.htm

Creating An Effective Curriculum

Part 1: Sum up the cardinal beliefs the theoretical account promotes sing the acquisition and development of immature kids. Part 2: Supply an lineation of the theoretical influences that have been used in the development of the course of study theoretical account. What theories have influenced the current theoretical account and how are they reflected. Part 3: Sketch the cardinal scheduling and course of study elements the selected theoretical account uses for planning and puting up the acquisition environment. The paper will necessitate to sketch how elements of observation, planning and execution are used. Part 4: Supply a sum-up of the types of appraisal and certification schemes used to measure ongoing acquisition and program subsequent chances. Part 5: Using the ELECT papers rules used in the class, measure if and how the selected theoretical account supports the six nucleus rules. Include specific illustrations of how the single elements are supported by the theoretical account. Supply a set of recommendations for how the ELECT elements can be better supported in the theoretical account being researched, by pedagogues working in an early acquisition environment.Important:This assignment will be completed separately. All assignments must run into academic criterions of authorship, including referencing. Plagiarism is academic discourtesy. Assignments must be stapled, and have a cover sheet with your name, class name, teacher name, and due day of the month. This assignment is deserving 35 % of your grade, and will be marked following the affiliated marker rubric.Taging Rubric: Curriculum Model Research PaperAims non met 0 Markss Partially met outlooks 1 grade Met the basic outlooks as outlined for assignment 2marks Met the basic outlooks and besides provided some extra information to supply a clearer apprehension of subject 3marks Aims Thoroughly Met ( Comprehensive research and treatment of subject to the full supported with statements ; critical thought demonstrated. 4 Markss Provided a clear debut to paper sketching subject to be researched. Clearly identified cardinal beliefs built-in in course of study attack Cleary identified the assorted theories underlying theoretical account ‘s beliefs Who? and How? ) Explained the function of observations in the theoretical account – How they are done. – Purpose of observations Explain how the initial planning is done utilizing the course of study theoretical account. – How learning experiences are determined. – How curriculum programs are recorded/tracked. – Function of the squad in planning. Explain how course of study is implemented. – Particular construction that needs to be used. – How are stuffs and infinite used? – How does the theoretical account ‘s usage of clip impact the continuance of the acquisition experiences? – Educator ‘s function during assorted facets of course of study. Sum up the types of appraisal schemes used in this course of study theoretical account. – Identified the function of appraisal in the course of study attack. What is the function of certification in this course of study attack? Used clear illustrations to explicate how this attack supports ELECT rule: Early kid development sets the foundation for womb-to-tomb acquisition, behaviour and wellness. Used clear illustrations to explicate how this attack supports ELECT rule: Partnerships with households and communities strengthen the ability of early childhood scenes to run into the demands of immature kids. Used clear illustrations to explicate how this attack supports ELECT rule: Respect for diverseness, equity, and inclusion are requirements for honouring kids ‘s rights, optimum development, and acquisition. Used clear illustrations to explicate how this attack supports ELECT rule: A planned course of study supports early acquisition. Used clear illustrations to explicate how this attack supports ELECT rule: Play is a agency to early acquisition that capitalizes on kids ‘s natural wonder and exuberance. Used clear illustrations to explicate how this attack supports ELECT rule: Knowing, antiphonal early childhood professionals are indispensable. Provided clear and concrete recommendations for how curriculum theoretical account can break back up the ELECT rules. Provided a clear set of reasoning comments sing what was learned from the research conducted. 0 Not done 1 Not done satisfactorily 2 Met satisfactorily Paper is organized, stapled and include screen. Academic criterion of English and grammar is used. Multiple beginnings of information are reflected in research. Mentions are formatted to A.P.A. manner. Entire MARK / 72 /35 AbstractionAChilds are adventurers and love to look into what is traveling on around them. Imagine if their whole twenty-four hours was spent in anA environment with beautyA formed by their ain creativeness? A Having the chance to play with natural and unfastened endedA stuffs of their ownA involvements, guidanceA from pedagogues to build their acquisition and believing on exciting subjects, and most significantly holding their households be greatly involved in their twenty-four hours, the larning results of each kid would be concrete and long lasting. These are the sorts of chances provided by pedagogues from the Reggio Emilia Approach, found by research worker and instructor Loris Malguzzi. â€Å" Creativity seems to emerge from multiple experiences, coupled with a well-supported development of personal resources, including a sense of freedom to venture beyond the known † ( Loris Malaguzzi, The Hundred Languages of Children, ch. 3, by Carolyn Edwards ( 1993 ) . This essay will be discoursing what the Reggio Emilia Approach is, and which constructivist theories influence the Reggio Emilia course of study. It will besides bring out the course of study elements and cardinal scheduling used in the attack and in conclusion how its attack supports the six rules of the ELECT papers used in Ontario. The subjects discussed in this paper will be based on the research found in the book Authentic Childhood Experiencing Reggio Emilia in the Classroom by Susan Fraser and besides on-line beginnings. A A A A A A First of all, what is the Reggio Emilia Approach? This inquiry arises amongst many people like, research workers in kid surveies, parents looking for child care, pedagogues looking to work, the authorities when looking to see statistics to see what course of study theoretical account has a successful result of quality child care and many more individuals who are interested in what different child care attacks provide.A In relation to this, the Reggio Emilia Approach was found by an early instruction specializer from a town in North Italy called Reggio Emilia his name was Loris Malaguzzi ( 1920-1994 ) . Malaguzzi ‘s vision attracts the universe through his drama and undertaking based course of study, kids play and pedagogues guide their drama into undertakings that involvement them. The attack is a combination of rules that build the kid centred environment and course of study. â€Å" Collaboration † is when everyone works together and includes parents, pedagogues, communities and the kids ; â€Å" the image of the child-conceptualizing an image of the kid as competent, imaginative, and full of thoughts † ( Fraser, 2000, Page 8 ) . The â€Å" environment † is known as the 3rd instructor as it is carefully set up by pedagogues to dispute the kid ‘s wonder and acquisition. â€Å" Documenting † is a show of what the kid ‘s experiences are shown through linguistic communication and creativeness. â€Å" Aggravation † is when pedagogues listen carefully to what the kids are stating and farther steer the ideas and achievements. Plans and probes are besides made by everyone involved, which is known as â€Å" progettazione † . A alone rule found in the Reggio Emilia attack is the â€Å" one hundred linguistic communi cations of kids † which means that the kids use many different resources and stuffs to â€Å" do symbolic representations of thoughts that may originate † ( Fraser, 2000, Page 8 ) . The rules from the Reggio Emilia Approach besides include uninterrupted drama. As a whole it is an exciting acquisition environment for the kids, pedagogues and parents all co-learning together. As a 2nd point, allow ‘s discourse which theories influence the Reggio Emilia course of study. For case in a Montessori school the doctrine will be of Maria Montessori and the twenty-four hours will be planned out utilizing didactic stuffs and consecutive stairss based on her research on kid surveies. The Reggio Emilia Approach is non merely based on one doctrine like the Montessori but it is really based on a figure of different philosophers. including Jean Piaget ‘s theory for the sequences of cognitive development, Lev Vygotsky theory for the societal facets of acquisition and the importance of drama, Jean Dewey ‘s theory for the function of drama, human nature and â€Å" sing the kid in the context of the household and society † ( Fraser,2000, Page14 ) , Hugh Gardiner ‘s theory of multiple intelligences, Urie Bronfenbrenner ‘s theory on the environment, Barbara Biber ‘s theory included coaction and positive ego image, and there may be mo re. As a consequence of holding so many doctrines combined in the Reggio Emilia Approach, it is known to be a theoretical account, concentrating on the whole kid, development, environment, drama, household engagement, self image controlled by pedagogues truly understanding how to steer kids to show their feelings, and how kids use their multiple intelligence and symbolic linguistic communication. The 3rd subject this paper is turn toing, what are the course of study elements and cardinal scheduling used in Reggio Emilia Schools? Curriculum is what the kids learn from and the experiences they have when being cared for in a kid attention Centre. Key scheduling is the ends and agendas that a school may hold. Traditionally a batch of early child care Centres would be after what toys and activities the kids would play with and so assist and learn the kids how to utilize them or how to make an activity and so a study may be written to demo parents how the kid is acquiring along harmonizing to the kid ‘s development phase. In the Reggio Emilia Approach the course of study is really different to traditional instructor taught course of studies. It is planned by what the kids are interested in while playing and prosecuting in activities of their pick. Appraisal is used to be after what to make in the schoolroom based on a kid ‘s involvements. Its function in the undertaking procedure is to larn the kids ‘s behavior, to detect kids ‘s involvements, to revisit undertakings with the kids, to derive cognition on the kids ‘s capablenesss and as a tool to analyze kids. The Reggio Approach suggests that by measuring undertakings over and over once more, kids understand their ain inquiries. It besides stresses that parents, kids and pedagogues are co-learners. Additionally the principle for pedagogues is to measure alongside the kids. Educators facilitate instead than directing the kids. Educators assess by detecting and stepping in or stepping back whenever they need to. They besides ask of import inquiries that challenge the kids to calculate things out by their ain wonder. Documentation is besides used to be after the Reggio Approach. Here there are many different methods of certification from simple note signifier to â€Å" the more sophisticated electronic equipment, such as digital cameras, webs, audio recording equipments, and picture recording equipments † ( Fraser, 2000, Page 83 ) depending on what sort of observations are being made. The different experimental techniques are running records which are the method used more frequently, clip sampling, art shows, event sampling, anecdotal records, tape recording, sequences of exposure, shows of undertakings, and picture tapes. In the Reggio Approach certification is used every bit shortly as something happens, The journal of Laura a diary taken from a Reggio Centre in Italy provinces that instructors work closely with the kids taking notes, entering observations they think have intending toward the acquisition of that kid. Documentation is done when needed there ‘s non merely specific timings, notes can be taken at any clip, Documentation is done to further appraisal and planning towards undertakings that kids want to get down or are already working towards. The Reggio Emilia Approach does non hold an organized planned course of study it is really really self-generated and is built harmonizing to single or group involvements of the kids. To stress that the course of study is self-generated and is planned on the involvement of the kids pedagogues use different methods of observations at any clip. There are many ways to detect in the Reggio Approach. Note pickings is one manner to detect, they besides use journals to compose contemplations on observations, picture taking, picture, sound, written, watching drama and careful hearing to conversations. Parental observations are taken at place and noted. The principle for the parent appraisals are that they know their kids best and kids are carefully observed on how the environment is used. The Reggio Emilia Approach suggests that kids speak one hundred symbolic linguistic communications and they use observations to find and understand what these linguistic communications are. To clear up, obse rvations are used for appraisal, certification, planning and implementing the course of study. With this in head the pedagogue ‘s function is to steer the natural wonder and acquisition of the kids, and the environment is known as the 3rd instructor. â€Å" The kids are small research workers. They can and desire to pass on with the environing universe † ( Reggio Emilia Philosophy, www.education.com ) . There are many factors that have to be taken into history when it comes to the function of observations and implementing. â€Å" The determination to transport out observations is normally the consequence of a inquiry that has arisen about a kid or a group of kids and their behavior or activities in the Centre † . ( Fraser, 2000, Page 81 ) Similarly, other factors have of import functions in implementing the acquisition procedure, for illustration clip is of import. Children need tonss of clip to work on on-going undertakings. In the Reggio Emilia Approach there are no clip limits on undertakings. Children work on undertakings every bit long as they are still interested. Space and layout is carefully set up for dramatic drama, H2O drama, block drama, physical and use, art and creativeness, out-of-door drama, and quiet clip country. This encourages societal accomplishments, job work outing accomplishments, doing personal picks and squad work methods. â€Å" Teachers carefully form infinites for little and big group undertakings and little confidant infinites for one, two and three kids † . ( About Reggio Emilia doctrine, www.education.com ) The environment is made to look beautiful and inviting. Another factor in implementing the course of study procedure is that the resources that are provided by the pedagogue, another of import function of the pedagogue. Materials are carefully chosen they can be natural stuffs, playthings, games, H2O drama, originative stuffs, unfastened ended stuffs, blocks, mystifiers, books, sand playthings, or even dress up apparels for dramatic drama. Children use the stuffs so they can play and foster their acquisition. To pull strings and get down the procedure of undertakings the pedagogues use positive linguistic communication and encouragement to assist kids larn how to show their emotions. Educators plan team meetings to discourse the observations and planning. Parents are ever welcome to fall in or assist do determinations. Meetings are used to be after what stuffs need to be taken out, how the environment should be set up, what is needed for undertakings that are emerging and besides what things need to be changed. The Reggio Emilia Approach is really similar to the emergent course of study. A batch of the factors used in Reggio are used in the emergent course of study, but the emergent course of study emphasizes development and involvement and Reggio emphasizes on involvement. The concluding point to discourse in this paper is about how the Reggio Emilia Approach uses all six rules of the ELECT papers. In the Reggio Emilia Approach there is a nexus to the first rule of the ELECT papers which is â€Å" Early kid development sets the foundation for womb-to-tomb acquisition, behaviour and wellness † An illustration of this is that journals are shown to parents, each undertaking is based on being kid centered and play based which means that it has to be developmentally appropriate, each appraisal is done to calculate out the involvements of the kid and each kid is observed to their ain developmental phase and long term undertakings are used so pedagogues can see how kids are turning and are developing their acquisition. Besides there are assorted doctrines used in the Reggio Approach one in peculiar linked to the different phases and sequences of development are the doctrine of Piaget. The 2nd rule of the ELECT papers is â€Å" Partnerships with households and communities strengthen the ability of early childhood scenes to run into the demands of kids † . The nexus to the Reggio Emilia Approach to the 2nd rule are that parents work as carbon monoxide scholars with pedagogues and kids in the Reggio Emilia attack and exposure are displayed around the Centre for the kids to hold a reminder of place. The 3rd rule of the ELECT papers is â€Å" Respect for diverseness, equity and inclusion are requirements for honouring kids ‘s rights, optimum development and acquisition: . The following nexus to The Reggio Emilia Approach is parents are of import, one influence is the doctrine of Bronfenbrenner, â€Å" everyone involved -children, parents and teacher pay an built-in portion in what is known as the circle of we † ( Fraser, page.102 ) Reggio Centre ‘s regard and support households, civilizations and all diverse state of affairss, in add-on to this, the Approach besides brings households together, larning about the different households, civilizations, nutrient and dressing up. The 4th rule of the ELECT papers is â€Å" A planned course of study supports early acquisition † . This rule is met by the undertakings that take topographic point in the Reggio schools, undertakings are worked on in deepness and item, the kid centered attack and kids ‘s involvement program the course of study. â€Å" The Reggio Emilia Approach can be defined hence as â€Å" contextual † , that is, it is determined by the duologue among kids, instructors and the environment environing them † ( The Reggio Emilia Approach – Truly listening to immature kids, www.oecd.org ) . The 5th rule is â€Å" Play is a agency to early acquisition that capitalizes on kids ‘s natural wonder and exuberance † , this rule is linked to the Reggio Emilia Approach The Reggio Approach is play based and has the same doctrine to the ELECT and the Emergent which is that kids learn and grow through different types of drama. â€Å" The word â€Å" drama † is non a often used word in The Reggio Approach, although as seen above, self-generated drama and drama valued as â€Å" meaningful acquisition † figure among the ends for larning and development. ( The Reggio Emilia Approach – Truly listening to immature kids, www.oecd.org ) , in add-on to this the Reggio Emilia Approach besides states that drama is used to picture 100 different linguistic communications through symbolic linguistic communications. The last rule, rule six is â€Å" Knowing, antiphonal early childhood professionals are indispensable † . This rule is besides linked to Reggio Emilia ‘s Approach, as Reggio Centers have instructors with extended staff development ; instructors make ends for them self and instructors besides learn alongside the kids heightening their apprehension of kids. Another illustration of this rule is that the pedagogues of Reggio schools sometimes are non qualified but learn from the other instructors and through each day-to-day experience with the kids. In decision to this paper it shows that it can take a figure of doctrine ‘s to make a high quality theoretical account, and that non merely one doctrine is better than another, but each doctrine really compliments one another, likewise it proves that kids do n't needfully necessitate to be taught by a instructor but can larn by holding the chance to build their ain acquisition through a kid centered attack. In add-on this paper besides shows that the function of drama, civilization, parents, pedagogues, the environment, observations, appraisal, certification, and planning are all really of import to implement a kid ‘s acquisition to do up a theoretical account like the Reggio Emilia Approach. Finally this paper proves that the Reggio Emilia Approach follows an emergent course of study that can associate to all six rules of the model provided by the ELECT papers.

Example Student Teacher Observation Checklist

Example Student Teacher Observation Checklist To prepare yourself for a student teacher role, familiarize yourself with the roles and responsibilities of a student teacher. The experience is rewarding, demanding, and depends on periods of review from other teachers and administrators. These general checklists closely align to ones a student teacher would encounter in the field from college professors and mentoring educators.   Classroom Observation by Cooperating Teacher Here you will find a question or statement followed by specific areas the cooperating teacher will be observing the student teacher on. 1. Is the student teacher prepared? Do they have an organized, detailed lesson plan and all materials needed? 2. Do they have knowledge of the subject matter and a purpose? Can the student teacher answer students questions? Can he/she motivate students to peak their interest in the subject matter? 3. Can the student teacher control students behavior? Keep their attentionInvolve students in the lessonStop lesson when neededAware of individual needsProvide positive reinforcement 4. Does the student teacher stay on topic? Do they follow a logical sequence? 5. Is the student teacher enthusiastic about the lesson they are teaching? Are students excited shown through class participation and behavior?Are the activities appropriate? 6. Does the student teacher have the ability to: Stay on topic?Give directions?Reach objectives?Vary questions?Involve students?Encourage participation and thinking?Summarize lesson? 7. Is the student teacher able to present: Enthusiasm?Details?Flexibility?Speech and grammar? 8. Do students actively participate in class activities and discussions? Are students attentive and interested?Are students cooperative and responsive? 9. How do the students respond to the student teacher? Do they follow directions?Do they display understanding?Are they respectful? 10. Does the teacher communicate effectively? Provide visual aidsTone of voice Areas of Observation by College Supervisor Here you will find several topics that can be observed during a single lesson. 1. General appearance and demeanor Dresses appropriatelyGood posture, animation, and smiles 2. Preparation Provides and follows a lesson planHas knowledge of the materialIs organizedIs creativeProvides teaching aids 3. Attitude towards the classroom Respects studentsListens to studentsEnthusiasticDisplays a sense of humorHas patience and sensitivityHelps students when needed 4. Effectiveness of lessons Motivates through instruction and presentationMeets objectivesStays on topicPaces lessonEncourages class participationCarefully directs and explains expectationsUses effective questioningAbility to summarize the lessonHas a concluding activityCorrelates lesson with other subjects 5. Presenter effectiveness Speaks clearly using proper grammarAvoids using  colloquialisms such as you guys and yeahAttentive to detailsHas confidenceBoard writing is legibleMaintains authority 6. Classroom management and behavior Does not embarrass, use sarcasm, or argue with studentsRemains an adult at all timesDoes not tolerate or dwell on inappropriate behaviorKeeps lesson flowing and knows when to stop or wait Areas of Observation Used in Self-Evaluation This list of questions forms the basis of a self-evaluation process for a student teacher. Are my objectives clear?Did I teach my objective?Is my lesson timed well?Do I remain on one topic too long or too short?Do I use a clear voice?Was I organized?Is my handwriting legible?Do I use proper speech?Do I move around the classroom enough?Did I use a variety of teaching materials?Do I show enthusiasm?Do I have make good eye-contact with the students?Did I explain the lesson effectively?Were my directions clear?Did I show confidence and knowledge of the subject?

How to Calculate Powerball Odds

How to Calculate Powerball Odds Powerball is a multistate lottery that is quite popular due to its multimillion-dollar jackpots. Some of these jackpots reach values that are well over $100 million. An interesting quest ion from a probabilistic  sense is, â€Å"How are the odds calculated on the likelihood of winning Powerball?† The Rules First we will examine the rules of Powerball as it is currently configured. During each drawing, two drums full of balls are thoroughly mixed and randomized. The first drum contains white balls numbered 1 to 59. Five are drawn without replacement from this drum. The second drum has red balls that are numbered from 1 to 35. One of these is drawn. The object is to match as many of these numbers as possible. The Prizes The full jackpot is won when all six numbers selected by a player match perfectly with the balls that are drawn. There are prizes with lesser values for partial matching, for a total of nine different ways to win some dollar amount from Powerball. These ways of winning are: Matching all five white balls and the red ball wins the grand prize jackpot. The value of this varies depending upon how long it has been since someone has won this grand prize.Matching all five white balls but not the red ball wins $1,000,000.Matching exactly four of the five white balls and the red ball wins $10,000.Matching exactly four of the five white balls but not the red ball wins $100.Matching exactly three of the five white balls and the red ball wins $100.Matching exactly three of the five white balls but not the red ball wins $7.Matching exactly two of the five white balls and the red ball wins $7.Matching exactly one of the five white balls and the red ball wins $4.Matching just the red ball but none of the white balls wins $4. We will look at how to calculate each of these probabilities. Throughout these calculations, it is important to note that the order of how the balls come out of the drum is not important. The only thing that matters is the set of balls that are drawn. For this reason our calculations involve combinations and not permutations. Also useful in every calculation below is the total number of combinations that can be drawn. We have five selected from the 59 white balls, or using the notation for combinations, C(59, 5) 5,006,386 ways for this to occur. There are 35 ways to select the red ball, resulting in 35 x 5,006,386 175,223,510 possible selections. Jackpot Although the jackpot of matching all six balls is the most difficult to obtain, it is the easiest probability to calculate. Out of the multitude of 175,223,510 possible selections, there is exactly one way to win the jackpot. Thus the probability that a particular ticket wins the jackpot is 1/175,223,510. Five White Balls To win $1,000,000 we need to match the five white balls, but not the red one. There is only one way to match all five. There are 34 ways to not match the red ball. So the probability of winning $1,000,000 is 34/175,223,510, or approximately 1/5,153,633. Four White Balls and One Red For a prize of $10,000, we must match four of the five white balls and the red one. There are C(5,4) 5 ways to match four of the five. The fifth ball must be one of the remaining 54 that were not drawn, and so there are C(54, 1) 54 ways for this to happen. There is only 1 way to match the red ball. This means that there are 5 x 54 x 1 270 ways to match exactly four white balls and the red one, giving a probability of 270/175,223,510, or approximately 1/648,976. Four White Balls and No Red One way to win a prize of $100 is to match four of the five white balls and not match the red one. As in the previous case, there are C(5,4) 5 ways to match four of the five. The fifth ball must be one of the remaining 54 that were not drawn, and so there are C(54, 1) 54 ways for this to happen. This time, there are 34 ways to not match the red ball. This means that there are 5 x 54 x 34 9180 ways to match exactly four white balls but not the red one, giving a probability of 9180/175,223,510, or approximately 1/19,088. Three White Balls and One Red Another way to win a prize of $100 is to match exactly three of the five white balls and also match the red one. There are C(5,3) 10 ways to match three of the five. The remaining white balls must be one of the remaining 54 that were not drawn, and so there are C(54, 2) 1431 ways for this to happen. There is one way to match the red ball. This means that there are 10 x 1431 x 1 14,310 ways to match exactly three white balls and the red one, giving a probability of 14,310/175,223,510, or approximately 1/12,245. Three White Balls and No Red One way to win a prize of $7 is to match exactly three of the five white balls and not match the red one. There are C(5,3) 10 ways to match three of the five. The remaining white balls must be one of the remaining 54 that were not drawn, and so there are C(54, 2) 1431 ways for this to happen. This time there are 34 ways to not match the red ball. This means that there are 10 x 1431 x 34 486,540 ways to match exactly three white balls but not the red one, giving a probability of 486,540/175,223,510, or approximately 1/360. Two White Balls and One Red Another way to win a prize of $7 is to match exactly two of the five white balls and also match the red one. There are C(5,2) 10 ways to match two of the five. The remaining white balls must be one of the remaining 54 that were not drawn, and so there are C(54, 3) 24,804 ways for this to happen. There is one way to match the red ball. This means that there are 10 x 24,804 x 1 248,040 ways to match exactly two white balls and the red one, giving a probability of 248,040/175,223,510, or approximately 1/706. One White Ball and One Red One way to win a prize of $4 is to match exactly one of the five white balls and also match the red one. There are C(5,4) 5 ways to match one of the five. The remaining white balls must be one of the remaining 54 that were not drawn, and so there are C(54, 4) 316,251 ways for this to happen. There is one way to match the red ball. This means that there are 5 x 316,251 x1 1,581,255 ways to match exactly one white ball and the red one, giving a probability of 1,581,255/175,223,510, or approximately 1/111. One Red Ball Another way to win a prize of $4 is to match none of the five white balls but match the red one. There are 54 balls that are not any of the five selected, and we have C(54, 5) 3,162,510 ways for this to happen. There is one way to match the red ball. This means that there are 3,162,510 ways to match none of the balls except for the red one, giving a probability of 3,162,510/175,223,510, or approximately 1/55. This case is somewhat counterintuitive. There are 36 red balls, so we may think that the probability of matching one of them would be 1/36. However, this neglects the other conditions imposed by the white balls. Many combinations involving the correct red ball also include matches on some of the white balls as well.

Read the attachment carefully Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Read the attachment carefully - Assignment Example e is competition; other companies like Schlumberger and Halliburton also operate in the same industry producing almost similar products to the market. All their products are consumed by the same consumers making competition a great external factor in the task environment. It always keeps the company in check to produce more and quality equipments and services (Kew &John, 11). Customers demand products based on their quality making the companies compete in producing the best qualities. The better the quality, the higher the consumption rate, thus, more profit to the business (Slaton & Hunter, 321). To be efficient in their production quality is important leading to the next task environment that is resources. Resources include skilled workers, raw materials, and finance. These factors must exist for efficient operation of the company in orders to produce quality services and equipments. Without them, the company cannot operate, and if they are limited, the level of production is reduced and the company can collapse. The last important element in the task environment of the National Oil Well Varco Inc is the technology. It enhances smooth operations within the company and production of technical tools. Since most of its products are used by other firms like drilling companies, advanced technology is essential to producing efficient equipments and services. Technology also helps it keep up with the competition in the global market at large. In the Oil Gas Drilling Industry, Diamond Offshore Drilling is one of the companies operating in that sector. Some of its task environments are similar to those of the National Oil Well Varco Inc. For example, it is faced with completion from other companies like, Noble Corp, and Ensco plc that also drill oil gas. Another similar critical task environment element is technology. For effective and efficient operation of the company, advanced technology is necessary. Its activities require sophisticated and advanced technology to